32^nd World Congress on Neurology and Neuroscience March 16-17, 2021 Kunming, China

Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs affect the nervous system's cellular structure and the neural processes by which they influence behavior. There are two major divisions of neuropharmacology: Molecular and Behavioral.

The study of neurons and their neurochemical interactions, with the ultimate aim of developing drugs that have beneficial effects on neurological function, includes molecular neuropharmacology.

The study of how drugs influence human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), including the study of how drug dependency and addiction affect the human brain, includes behavioral neuropharmacology.

The interactions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, neuromodulators, enzymes, second messengers, co-transporters, ion channels, and receptor proteins in the central and peripheral nervous systems are closely related in all of these areas. Researchers are researching medications to treat many different neurological conditions, including pain, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, psychiatric disorders, addiction, and many others, in order to study these interactions.

A progressive neurological condition that causes the brain to shrink (atrophy) and death of brain cells is Alzheimer's disease. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease-a continuous deterioration in thought, behavioral and social skills that affects the ability of an individual to work independently. Forgetting recent events or conversations are the early symptoms of the disease. An individual with Alzheimer's disease may experience significant memory failure as the disease progresses and lose the ability to perform daily tasks. Medications can improve or delay the progression of symptoms temporarily. Sometimes, these medications may help individuals with Alzheimer's disease maximize function and retain independence for a period of time. Different programs and services can help support people and their families with Alzheimer's disease. Brain changes that occur in Alzheimer's disease can affect moods and behaviors. Problems may include the following: Depression, Social withdrawal, Changes in sleeping habits, Loss of inhibitions, Delusions etc.

Neurosurgery is also known as neurological surgery. The medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment and recovery of conditions involving any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system and cerebrovascular system, is neurosurgery. As a result of highly crafted instruments, the biggest developments in neurosurgery came about. Chisels, curettes, power tools, elevators, dissectors, distractors, forceps, hooks, probes, impactors, suction tubes and robots are all modern neurosurgical tools or instruments. Most of these modern devices have been in medical practice for a very long time, such as chisels, elevators, forceps, hooks, impactors, and probes. Most neurosurgical disorders, including neuro-trauma and other neuro-emergencies such as intracranial hemorrhage, include neurosurgery generally. Some of these divisions of neurosurgery are: Vascular neurosurgery, Skull base surgery, Peripheral nerve surgery, Pediatric neurosurgery, Spinal neurosurgery, Oncological neurosurgery, Stereotactic neurosurgery. Modern neurosurgery diagnosis and treatment involve the use of neuroradiology methods. These methods include computer assisted imaging computed tomography (CT), magnetoencephalography (MEG),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and stereotactic radiosurgery. Some neurosurgery procedures involve the use of intra-operative MRI and functional MRI. Conditions treated by neurosurgery are brain hemorrhages, skull fractures, Lumbar spinal stenosis, Cervical spinal stenosis, Meningitis, Spinal disc herniation, Some forms of drug-resistant epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Moyamoya disease etc

Neuropathology is the study of nervous system tissue disease, typically in the form of either small surgical biopsies or autopsies of the entire body. Neuropathologists normally work in the anatomical pathology department, but work closely with the neurology and neurosurgery clinical disciplines, which also rely on neuropathology for diagnosis. Neuropathology also refers to forensic medicine, since the cause of death may be associated with brain damage or brain injury. Neuropathology should not be confused with neuropathy, which, rather than the tissues, refers to nerve diseases themselves (usually in the peripheral nervous system). In neuropathology, the divisions of the nervous system as well as tissue specializations come together in one area of study.

Neuroendocrinology is the biology branch (specifically physiology) that studies the relationship between the nervous system and the endocrine system, i.e. how the hormonal activity in the body is regulated by the brain. In a process called neuroendocrine integration, the nervous and endocrine systems frequently work together in order to control the physiological functions of the human body. Euroendocrinology emerged from the recognition that pituitary gland hormone secretion is regulated by the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, and has subsequently grown to examine various endocrine and nervous system interconnections. The neuroendocrine system is the mechanism by which homeostasis is preserved by the hypothalamus, which regulates reproduction, metabolism, blood pressure, eating and drinking. energy utilization and osmolarity.

Major neuroendocrine systems:

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis)

Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis)

Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis)

Hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). In MS, the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers is attacked by the immune system and causes contact issues between your brain and the rest of your body. Eventually, permanent damage or weakening of the nerves may result from the disease. MS signs and symptoms differ greatly and depend on the amount of damage to the nerves and what nerves are affected. Some individuals with extreme MS may lose the ability to walk independently or at all, while others without any new symptoms may experience lengthy periods of remission. Depending on the location of the damaged nerve fibers, various signs and symptoms of sclerosis can vary dramatically from person to person and over the course of the disease. Sometimes, symptoms influence movement, such as: In one or more joints, numbness or weakness usually occurs on one side of the body or your legs and trunk at a time, Sensations of electric shock that occur with certain movements of the neck, especially bending the neck forward, Tremor, absence of coordination