33^rd World Congress on Neurology and Neuroscience November 21-22, 2022 Dubai, UAE

Neurodegenerative Diseases is a  type of disease within cells of the CNS ceases functioning or die. The cells of the brain are jointly linked and miscommunications in one region may disrupt further brain functions, explaining that brain disorders can consequence in widespread issues. Even though there are numerous illnesses and diseases that can influence the brain, the most complex of these diseases are called neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases can influence an individual’s movement, speech, memory, intelligence, and much more. As neurodegenerative diseases are so complex, the root of various diseases remains a question. Neurodegenerative disorders generally get adverse over time and have no heal. They may be genetic or be caused by a malignancy or stroke. They also occur in persons who consume huge quantity of alcohol or are exposed to certain viruses or toxins.

· Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
· Parkinson’s disease and PD-related disorders
· Prion disease
· Motor neuron diseases

The brain has three main parts: the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. Cerebrum is the biggest portion of the brain and contains of left and right hemispheres. It executes major responsibilities like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as emotions, fine control of movement, speech, reasoning and learning.

·

Geriatric psychiatry, also called as neuropsychiatry, psychogeriatric or psychiatry of old age is a subspecialty of psychiatry dealing with the study, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders in humans with old age.Geriatric neurology is the discipline of medicine which studies neurologic disorders in aged people.

Neuroimmunology as a distinct field has its origins in the fields of neurology, psychiatry and immunology. Although neuroimmunologists initially concentrated on classical neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis and infections, there is strong evidence to indicate that the immune response leads to disorders of hereditary white matter, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral nervous system and neuro-oncological conditions, as well as ageing. Our understanding of how the immune system affects the nervous system during development and aging and how such responses lead to disease as well as regeneration and repair has been greatly assisted by technological advances.

Neurosurgery, or neurological surgery, is the medical specialty involved with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any part of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Back pain can sometimes produce neurological symptoms such as numbness, muscle weakness, and loss of bowel and bladder control due to dysfunction at the nerve root.
Spine surgery procedures:

· Laminectomy
· Micro discectomy
· Traditional Lumbar Fusion

Neurosurgery, or neurological surgery, is the medical specialty involved with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any part of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Back pain can sometimes produce neurological symptoms such as numbness, muscle weakness, and loss of bowel and bladder control due to dysfunction at the nerve root.
Spine surgery procedures:

· Laminectomy
· Micro discectomy
· Traditional Lumbar Fusion

Stem cells, on the other hand, are cells that have yet to be assigned a definite function and can transform into nearly any cell that is required. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into different types of cells as needed by the body. Scientists and clinicians are interested in stem cells because they can help explain how certain bodily functions work andhow they might go awry. After a nervous system damage, neural stem cells (NSCs) have the capacity to replenish lost tissue. Thus, stem cells can aid in the repair of the host's brain tissue in part by secreting growth factors, and their regeneration-promoting abilities can be altered through gene transfer.

• Totipotent (or Omnipotent) Stem Cells
• Pluripotent Stem Cells
• Multipotent Stem Cells
• Oligopotent Stem Cells
• Unipotent Stem Cells

Experiencing occasional anxiety among people is expected in part of their life. However, people with anxiety disorders often have intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about daily situations. Usually, anxiety disorders involve repeated attacks of sudden feelings of intense anxiety and fear that reach a peak within minutes. For an individual with an anxiety disorder, it doesn't go away and can get worse over time. The symptoms can relate with daily activities such as performance in their job, school work, and relationships.Sleep and mental disorders generally occur at a similar time, and untreated sleep disorders will increase the chance of developing psychiatric conditions, like depression, later in life. Recent reports found that as several as simple fractions of patients called to sleep disorders centers have a psychiatric disorder. the foremost common mental disorders related to sleep complaints embrace depression, anxiety, and substance (illicit medication and alcohol) abuse.

Drug addiction is a brain disease that has become axiomatic. Especially after the idea became popular in the 1990s, around the globe aspiring health professionals treating substance abuse are indoctrinated with this belief, . Its popularity extends far beyond the hallowed halls of academia. The May 1997 Time and the September 2017 National Geographic magazines both were dedicated to the brain science of addiction. The number of other popular magazines have run similar cover stories over the past two decades,Addiction and Stress relation

• Neuronal Ensembles in Drug Addiction
• Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit
• Addiction and the Brains Pleasure Pathway
• Addictive Brain Recovery
• Addiction and Brain Chemistry
• Addiction and Brain Chemistry
• Addiction Neurobiology
• Drugs, Brain, and Behavior

Neurocardiology denotes to path physiological & neuroanatomical interactions of the nervous & cardiovascular systems. The stress effects on the heart are studied in terms of the heart's interactions with both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. Clinical issues in neuro-cardiology include hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy, cerebral embolism, encephalopathy, neurologic sequelae of cardiac & thoracic surgery and cardiac interventions, and cardiovascular findings in patients with primary neurological diseaseThe constant communication between the heart and the brain has proved invaluable to interdisciplinary fields of neurological and cardiac diseases. Variations in the neural rhythms provide evidence that a problem is present regarding physiologic regulation and help physicians determine the underlying condition quicker based on thegiven symptoms. 

Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures can vary from brief and nearly undetectable periods to long periods of vigorous shaking due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. These episodes can result in physical injuries, either directly such as broken bones or through causing accidents. In epilepsy, seizures tend to recur and may have no immediate underlying cause.An epileptic seizure, formally known as a seizure, is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Outward effects vary from uncontrolled shaking movements involving much of the body with loss of consciousness (tonic-clonic seizure), to shaking movements involving only part of the body with variable levels of consciousness (focal seizure), to a subtle momentary loss of awareness (absence seizure). Most of the time these episodes last less than two minutes and it takes some time to return to normal.

A Neurodegenerative disease is caused by the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, in the process known as neurodegeneration. Such neuronal damage may ultimately involve cell death. Neurodegenerative diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophy, and prion diseases. Neurodegeneration can be found in the brain at many different levels of neuronal circuitry, ranging from molecular to systemic. Because there is no known way to reverse the progressive degeneration of neurons, these diseases are considered to be incurable; however research has shown that the two major contributing factors to neurodegeneration are oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomedical research has revealed many similarities between these diseases at the subcellular level, including atypical protein assemblies (like proteinopathy) and induced cell death. These similarities suggest that therapeutic advances against one neurodegenerative disease might ameliorate other diseases as well.

It is estimated that 50 million people worldwide suffer from neurodegenerative diseases, and that by the year 2050 this figure will increase to 115 million people.

Epilepsy can be observed by electroencephalogram, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuroimaging.  These techniques can give a better picture to understand the abnormalities of the brain during a seizure, and to look at the minute changes in the structure of the brain.There is no proven cure of epilepsy, being alert and proper care the consequences of epilepsy and seizures can be averted. Some antiepileptic drugs are in the market to keep seizures in check. We can reduce the chance of seizures by a healthy daily routine